Can someone please explain the 5 arcs in Bakemonogatari.

bro did you read the subtitles

idk how u watched the whole thing and didnt get any of it.

hitagi crab
she literally gives the emotional "weight" of her traumatic childhood to the crab. when she accepts her childhood trauma, she's given back the weight.

mayoi snail
she can't go home because she gets hit by a car, and roams the earth after her death as a ghost because she still has shit to do (go home.) anyways once the arc ends she stays on earth because she has a new friend (araragi)

sugura monkey
the monkey arm is the oddity. she uses the power to achieve her dreams (i.e. win at track,) but the arm can't actually make her win at track, instead she uses it to assault everyone else. anyways she wants to get with senjougahara so she wishes for it to kill araragi, and then senjougahara is like don't do that, also i wont fuck you and then she gets over it mostly

nadekos one is self explanatory

tsubasa cat gets explained more later so i wont tell

Did you watch the show?

Senjogahara:
She lives with the sense of guilty that she destroyed her family because she didn't let the cult master rape her, so she carries the "weight" of her sin. With that state of mind she encounter the Crab God that steal her weight, phisycal and mental, to help her (even if it doesn't give a f*ck, gods are just childish). When Senjogahara find the strenght to carry her own sins and pain the crab gave it her back
Mayoi:
Mayoi died years ago 'cause a car incident when she was going to see her mother for the first time. She became a ghost called "the snail" that wanders in search of her home and makes others who stays with her lost their way too. Araragi can see her because he didn't want to go gome that day and helps her to find her home using a trick. After that Mayoi became a "normal ghost" so she just wanders around but she is not lonely anymore
Suruga:
Suruga loves her sempai Senjogahara, but when she discovered about the illness of the crab Senjogahara pushes her away from her life. Suruga uses an artifact that her dead mother left her (you'll understand more about those things in later arcs) the "monkey's spawn" that can grant three wishes, like the old story. The truth is that the spawn is a devil that simply uses violence to fulfill three wishes and than take the owner's life. Suruga couldn't accept that a random guy like Araragi took Senjogahara and succeded where she failed, so she wishes to have Sanjogahara all for her and the devil tries to solve it killing Araragi. In the end devil isn't able to do so because if it kills Araragi then Senjogahara would kill Suruga, so the path is detroyed and they finally forgive each others after years
Nadeko:
Nadeko is an old friend of Araragi's sister and she has been cursed by one of her classmates because she rejected a guy that loved her and one of her friends loved that guy so...you know...girl's stuff.
Araragi tryes to help her destroyng the curse and find out that there were two curses, one by her friend and one by the guy she rejected. In the end Araragi isn't able to destroy the second curse that goes back to its owner to make him suffer or even kill him
Tsubasa:
I don't remember what is spoiler of other arcs and what is not so I try my best. Tsubasa is a girl that during the spring's holidays got possesed by an anomaly. This one takes power with her stress and had...quit a bit. The cat take posses of the human body and do whatever her owner would have liked, but assorbing other people's life energy. She return during this arc to her Cat-form cause she fell in love with Araragi and couldn't stand him happy without her. In the end Araragi can only bring her back to her human form. The truth is that the cat just wanted her to express her true feelings and don't run away from her life
Hope it helped you